Edmond clark richmond



(No Model.)

E. G. RICHMOND.

. ROOF.

No. 396,292. I I Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

N4 PETERS. mawnlh'o m nerl Washinglom nc UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDMOND CLARK RICHMOND, OF SHELBURNE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS.

ROOF.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 396,292, dated January 15, 1889. Application filed April 14., 1888. Serial No. 270,677- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMOND CLARK RICH- MOND, of Shelburne Falls, in the county of Franklin and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roofs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in the combination, with a sheet of flexible material, of a series of overlapping shingles or strips secured to the sheet in any suitable manner and. adapted to be folded up and sold to the trade in bundles or packages ready for application and use without further preparation, the whole constituting a complete article of manufacture.

The strips or shingles are adapted to lap one another laterally, and they are also arranged so that each row will overlap the row immediately below.

The invention is designed particularly for use in the construction of roofs, but may obviously be used for the sidings of buildings or wherever else desired.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective sectional view of a roof constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, a section on the line 1 1; Fig. 3, a section on the line 2 2,; Fig. l, a view of the material ready for boxing; Fig. 5, a perspective view showing the material unfolded ready for application and use.

IVhile in the drawings 1 have shown the invention applied to the construction of a roof, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to its use in this connection, the roofing being taken merely as the most common example.

Referring again to the drawings, A indicates the rafters; B, the boarding applied directly to the rafters; C, the bottom layer of shingles applied to the upper face of the boarding; D, the water-proof material applied to the upper face of the shingles C; and E represents the upper covering of shingles or slate, the latter being substituted for the wood in some cases. v

The boarding B maybe applied in the ordinary manner, and the lower layer, C, of

shingles will preferably, though not necessarily, be made thinner on one edge than on the other, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to make them come as close aspossible to the board. As shown in the drawings, these outer shingles, E, overlap those in the same row laterally, and also overlap the upper ends of those in the row immediately below. This latter feature of overlapping the shingles is, however, not new with me, and no claim is made herein to that idea, broadly.

The water-proof material will be made and applied to the roof in long strips, and the strips, if desired, may be fastened together, so as to form in effect a large sheet, which will effectually prevent any water which may pass between the joints of the upper layer of shingles from coming in contact with the lower layer of shingles.

It is obvious that the longitudinal edges of the upper layerof slate may be cemented together, as shown in Fig. 2, so as to more effectually prevent the entrance of water, and it is also obvious that instead of having the shingles arranged as shown in the drawings they may be arranged with the grain of the wood running at right angles to the line of rafters, thereby making fewer longitudinal laps from the caves to the ridge.

Instead of entirely covering the waterproof material, it may be arranged to project out beyond the lower ends of each second or third row of shingles E, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, so as to more effectually prevent the water flowing backward beneath said shingles.

Owing to the fact that the shingles or strips swell and would be liable to split if firmly fastened at bot-h edges, I drive the fasteningnails only through one edge of the shingle, as shown in Fig. 2, leaving the opposite edge of the shingle, which is beneath the edge of the next shingle, free, so that it may swell and move slightly without splitting.

The lower layer of shingles, C,will advisably be grooved at the thick end, so as to make a firm and even lap or joint, as shown in Fig. 1, though this is not essential.

The roof herein described and shown can be laid at less cost than those which are commonly used, can be made much lighter, and

can be laid on any slant, and even flat, as it almost impossible for the water to get through.

The lower course of the roof next to, the eaves-trough is laid lengthwise, as it is less liable to split if so laid.

By making the roof as herein described I am enabled to save a large amount of lumber, as it requires less overlapping of the shingles than under the prior construction.

\Vhere the invention is applied to the construction of the walls of buildings, usually no boarding I will be used, the material being applied directly to the studdin Even without the boarding the walls will be found very warm and effectually prevent the entrance of air or water. The water-proof material may be made of felt, paper, or any other suitable material.

By overlapping the lower-layer of shingles, C, as shown and described, 1 form an even bed for the upper layer of slate or shingle, E, thereby enabling me to employ about onehalf the amount of slate and shingles in the upper layer. 7

This makes a much lighter and cheaper roof than under prior plans, and there is less liability of the upper layer of slate or shingles breaking, as they have an even and solid bed upon which to rest.

Vh en the invention is carried out in. its preferred formthat is to say, where the shingles are applied to the sheet of flexible material and sold to the trade in packages or bundles the shingles will of course be secured to the strip, so that the bundle or package may be handled without detaching the shingles, and so that by merely unfolding the long strip with the shingles attached, as shown in Fig. 5, it will be ready for application to a roof or other part of a building.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim. is-

1. As an improved article of manufacture, the building material herein described, comprising a flexible water-proof sheet and shingles or strips applied to both faces thereof.

2. A roof, wall, or similar structure comprising a lower layer of shingles overlapping each other substantially in the manner shown, an upper layer of shinglesor slate, also overlapping each other, and an interposed water-proo'f covering.

In a roof, wall, or similar structure, the combination, with the two layers of shingles O and E, of the interposed water-proof material, D, projecting below the lower edges of the upper layer of rows of shingles, all substantially as shown.

l. In a roof, wall, or similar structure, the combination of the two layers of shingles and the interposed water-proof sheet, the upper layer of shingles or strips being cemented together along their edges, sul'istantially as shown and described.

In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

EDMOND CLARK RICHMOND.

Witnesses:

A. K. HAWKS, (,1. \V. I'LUVKS. 

